TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF HIGH-ENTROPY ALLOYS: CURRENT STATE AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Abstract
The article explores the conceptual foundations of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) and various technologies for their production. The analysis of traditional metallurgical methods, such as arc and induction melting, highlights their effectiveness in ensuring material homogeneity while emphasizing their limited capabilities in precise microstructure control. Powder metallurgy provides a uniform element distribution but is characterized by high energy consumption.Alternative methods, including laser melting and vapor phase deposition, offer new prospects for controlling alloy structures; however, their scalability is hindered by equipment costs and low productivity.Key technical challenges impeding the advancement of HEA production have been identified, including difficulties in microstructure control, uneven component distribution, and significant energy consumption. To address these challenges, a combination of traditional and modern methods is proposed, along with the use of numerical modeling to optimize production processes. Advanced alloy design approaches are based on the physicochemical analysis of components and take into account operational conditions.Modern methods for controlling the microstructure and mechanical properties of HEAs are reviewed. The application of laser melting, electro-pulse sintering, and vapor phase deposition technologies enables more precise regulation of material parameters and defect reduction.Additionally, the importance of developing new approaches to phase transformation control is emphasized, as this will facilitate the predictable formation of alloy structures.The prospects for scaling up HEA production are examined, highlighting the need for further research to enhance productivity and reduce costs. Strategic directions for integrating HEAs into industrial sectors, including aerospace, energy, and medicine, are proposed.A comprehensive approach to HEA production is suggested, incorporating prototyping, testing, and the adaptation of technological processes to meet industrial requirements. The potential of various production methods is assessed in terms of their economic efficiency and technical feasibility.Thus, this study enhances the understanding of HEA manufacturing processes, contributing to their broader application in high-tech industries.
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