INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR INCREASING THE TECHNOLOGICAL SAFETY OF CONVERTER PRODUCTION

Abstract

The work considers innovative technologies for increasing man-made safety on the example of converter production. In the modern converter production of steel, the latest technologies are used to increase the efficiency of the process. The preferred option for such steel melting is the use of combined purging, when oxygen is supplied to the converter from above and inert gas from below (through the bottom) at the same time, the duration of melting is reduced to 30-35 minutes. Due to the significant increase in the intensity of melting and the complexity of the technological equipment, management of the specified process requires more attention and responsibility of the working personnel in order to increase the level of man-made safety. Violations of the technological process, which are related to the influence of external factors, include the possibility of non-compliance with the scrap metal preparation technology (increased humidity, presence of lubricant), uneven supply of oxygen, as well as interruptions in energy supply. Such violations can lead to splashes of metal and slag, damage to the lining, as well as dangerous stops in the melting process. A dangerous phenomenon is the possibility of metal loss from converters and steel pouring ladles due to a violation of their tightness. Thus, in the lower part of the converter, its lining is systematically subjected to significant dynamic loads during the loading of scrap metal. Wear of the lining occurs due to the reaction of its components with the silicon oxide of the slag, which has acidic properties. Violation of the integrity of the lining under certain conditions can lead to the pouring of metal from the bottom or side of the converter casing. In order to find rational means of protecting workers, a hardware and technological diagram of dangerous process zones has been developed. It is shown that the presence of moisture in the lining of buckets during the pouring of steel poses a significant danger. The condition of the inner surface of the lining of the converter should be included among the standardized safety parameters of the melting process in the converter; physicochemical parameters of charge materials, as well as physical parameters of the oxygen jet. Violations of the safety parameters of the process consist of violations during the supply of oxygen (duration 6.4 hours), violations related to the incorrect position of the oxygen nozzle (duration 14.5 hours), as well as violations of the chemical composition of the metal (13.5 hours).